<h2 class="caption">your first step to capital information <span>online<br /> <br /></span></h2>
<p> </p>
<h3 class="intro">Cultural Capitals around the world, including European Capital of Culture resources, and other international capitals listed in easy to browse sections.</h3>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#europe">Europe</a> <br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#europeCoC">European Capital / City of Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#europeanCM">European Cultural Month</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#europeanRotY">European Region of the Year</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#europeanSR&amp;D">Selected Reports &amp; Documents</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#other">Other</a> <br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#otherACoC">American Capital of Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#arabia">Arabian Capital of Culture</a><br /> <a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#otherBCoC">Brazilian Capital of Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#canada">Canadian Capital of Culture</a><br /> <a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#otherCCoC">Catalan Capital of Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#islam">Islamic Capital of Culture</a><br /> <a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#otherVCoC">Volga Capital of Culture</a></li>
</ul>
<a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#book">World Book Capital</a><br /> <br /></li>
</ul>
<p><br /><a name="europe" title="europe"></a></p>
<h2 class="bgred">EUROPE</h2>
<p><a name="europeCoC" title="europeCoC"></a></p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />European Capital / City of Culture<br /> <br /></p>
<p><br />The European City of Culture was designed to bring European peoples closer and was launched on the initiative of Melina Mercouri by the Council of Ministers (13 June 1985). The title was renamed "European <strong>Capital</strong> of Culture" from 2005. In the light of EU enlargement, two capitals will be selected each year from 2007 until 2019.</p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/eac/other_actions/cap_europ/cap_eu_en.html" target="_blank">Official EU Website</a></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.eccm-cultural-capitals.org" target="_blank">European Network of Capitals of Culture and Culture Months</a></strong> (ECCM)</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>2019</strong> - <em>Italy</em></p>
<p><strong>2018</strong> - <em>Netherlands</em>, <em>Malta</em></p>
<p><strong>2017</strong> - <em>Denmark</em>, <em>Cyprus</em></p>
<p><strong>2016</strong> - <em>Spain</em>, <em>Poland</em></p>
<p><strong>2015</strong> - <em>Belgium</em>, <em>Czech Rep</em></p>
<p><strong>2014</strong> - <em>Sweden</em>, <em>Latvia</em></p>
<p><strong>2013</strong> - <em>France</em>, <em>Slovakia</em></p>
<p><strong>2012</strong> - <em>Portugal</em>, <em>Slovenia</em></p>
<p><strong>2011</strong> - Finland: <a href="http://www.turku2011.fi" target="_blank"><strong>Turku</strong></a>, Estonia: <a href="http://www.tallinn2011.ee" target="_blank"><strong>Tallinn</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2010</strong> - Germany<em>:</em> <strong><a href="http://www.essen.de" target="_blank">Essen</a></strong>, Hungary: <a href="http://www.pecs2010.hu/eng/" target="_blank"><strong>Pecs</strong></a> , Turkey, <strong><a href="http://www.istanbul2010.org/" target="_blank">Istanbul</a></strong></p>
<p><strong>2009</strong> - Austria:<a href="http://www.linz09.at" target="_blank"><strong>Linz</strong></a>, Lithuania: <a href="http://www.culturelive09.lt/en/" target="_blank"><strong>Vilnius</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2008</strong> - UK: <strong><a href="http://www.liverpool08.com" target="_blank">Liverpool</a></strong>, Norway: <a href="http://www.stavanger2008.no" target="_blank"><strong>Stavanger</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2007</strong> - Luxembourg : <a href="http://www.luxembourg2007.org" target="_blank"><strong>Luxembourg &amp; Greater Region</strong></a>, Romania: <a href="http://www.sibiu2007.ro/" target="_blank"><strong>Sibiu</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2006</strong> - Greece: <a href="http://patras2006.gr/en/" target="_blank"><strong>Patras</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2005</strong> - Ireland: <a href="http://www.cork2005.ie" target="_blank"><strong>Cork</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2004</strong> - France: <a href="http://www.lille2004.com" target="_blank"><strong>Lille</strong></a>, Italy: <strong>Genova</strong></p>
<p><strong>2003</strong> - Austria: <a href="http://www.graz03.at" target="_blank"><strong>Graz</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2002</strong> - Belgium: <a href="http://www.brugge2002.be" target="_blank"><strong>Bruges</strong></a>, Spain: <a href="http://www.salamanca2002.org" target="_blank"><strong>Salamanca</strong></a></p>
<p><strong>2001</strong> - Portugal: <strong>Porto</strong>, Netherlands: <strong>Rotterdam</strong></p>
<p><strong>2000</strong> - France: <strong>Avignon</strong>, Norway: <strong>Bergen</strong>, Italy: <strong>Bologna</strong>, Belgium: <strong>Brussels</strong>, Poland: <strong>Cracow</strong>, Finland: <strong>Helsinki</strong>, Czech Republic: <strong>Prague</strong>, Iceland: <strong>Reykjavik</strong>, Spain: <strong>Santiago de Compostela</strong>,</p>
<p><strong>1999</strong> - Germany: <strong>Weimar</strong></p>
<p><strong>1998</strong> - Sweden: <strong>Stockholm</strong></p>
<p><strong>1997</strong> - <em>Greece: Thessaloniki</em></p>
<p><strong>1996</strong> - <em>Denmark: Copenhagen</em></p>
<p><strong>1995</strong> - <em>Luxembourg: Luxembourg</em></p>
<p><strong>1994</strong> - <em>Portugal: Lisbon</em></p>
<p><strong>1993</strong> - <em>Belgium: Antwerp</em></p>
<p><strong>1992</strong> - <em>Spain: Madrid</em></p>
<p><strong>1991</strong> - <em>Ireland: Dublin</em></p>
<p><strong>1990</strong> - <em>UK: Glasgow</em></p>
<p><strong>1989</strong> - <em>France: Paris</em></p>
<p><strong>1988</strong> - <em>Germany: Berlin</em></p>
<p><strong>1987</strong> - <em>Netherlands: Amsterdam</em></p>
<p><strong>1986</strong> - <em>Italy: Florence</em></p>
<p><strong>1985</strong> - <em>Greece: Athens</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a></p>
<p><br /><a name="europeanCM" title="europeanCM"></a></p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />European Cultural Month<br /> <br /></p>
<p><br />In response to the expressed wish to host the European City of Culture event by an increasing number of cities both in the Community and elsewhere, in the conclusions to the meeting on 18 May 1990, the Ministers for Culture initiated the European Cultural Month for the countries of central and eastern Europe. Its aims are the same as those of the European City of Culture, although it is only a month-long celebration during the year.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>2001</strong> - Switzerland: Basel, Latvia: Riga</p>
<p><strong>1999</strong> - <em>Bulgaria: Plovdiv</em></p>
<p><strong>1998</strong> - <em>Austria: Linz</em>, <em>Malta: Valletta</em></p>
<p><strong>1997</strong> - <em>Slovenia: Ljubljana</em></p>
<p><strong>1996</strong> - <em>Russia: St Petersburg</em></p>
<p><strong>1995</strong> - <em>Cyprus: Nicosia</em></p>
<p><strong>1994</strong> - <em>Hungary: Budapest</em></p>
<p><strong>1993</strong> - <em>Austria: Graz</em></p>
<p><strong>1992</strong> - <em>Poland: Cracow</em></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a></p>
<p><br /><a name="europeanRotY" title="europeanRotY"></a></p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />European region of the year</p>
<p><br /><strong><a href="http://www.tery.org" target="_blank">European Region of the Year website</a></strong></p>
<p><strong>2006</strong> - Bosnia &amp; Herzogovina: <strong>Sarajevo</strong>, Serbia: <strong><a href="http://www.srim.vojvodina.sr.gov.yu/engleski/region_of_the_year/vojvodina.htm" target="_blank">Vojvodina</a></strong><br /> <strong>2005</strong> - Italy: <strong>Piemonte</strong>, Ukraine: <strong>Kyiv</strong></p>
<p><strong>2004</strong> - Portugal: <strong>Madeira</strong>, Belgium: <strong>German-speaking Community</strong></p>
<p><strong>2003</strong> - Spain: <strong>Balearic Islands</strong>, Russia: <strong>Karelia</strong></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a></p>
<p><br /><a name="europeanSR&amp;D" title="europeanSR&amp;D"></a></p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />Selected reports and documents<br /> <br /></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.palmer-rae.com/culturalcapitals.htm" target="_blank">Study on the European Cities and Capitals of Culture and the European Cultural Months (1995-2004)</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ccpr.designiscentral.net/record/217/" target="_blank">European cultural capital event, the: strategic weapon in the cultural arms race?</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ccpr.designiscentral.net/record/216/" target="_blank">European cities of culture - implications on tourism</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ccpr.designiscentral.net/record/344/" target="_blank">City centre regeneration in the context of the <strong>2001</strong> European Capital of Culture in <strong>Porto</strong>, Portugal</a></p>
<p><a href="http://ccpr.designiscentral.net/record/223/" target="_blank">Impact of cultural events on city image, the: <strong>Rotterdam</strong>, Cultural Capital of Europe <strong>2001</strong></a></p>
<p><a href="http://ccpr.designiscentral.net/record/311/" target="_blank">Cultural policy as urban transformation? Critical reflections on <strong>Glasgow</strong>, European City of Culture <strong>1990</strong></a></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a></p>
<p><br /><a name="other" title="other"></a></p>
<h2 class="bgred">OTHER</h2>
<p><a name="otherACoC" title="otherACoC"></a></p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />American Capital Of Culture Programme</p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.cac-acc.org" target="_blank">American Capital Of Culture Programme website</a></p>
<p><strong>2007</strong> - <em>Cuzco, Peru</em></p>
<p><strong>2006</strong> - <em>Argentine: Cordoba</em></p>
<p><strong>2005</strong> - <em>Mexico: Guadalajera</em></p>
<p><strong>2004</strong> - <em>Chile: Santiago</em></p>
<p><strong>2003</strong> - <em>Panama: Panama City</em>, <em>Brazil: Curitiba</em></p>
<p><strong>2002</strong> - <em>Brazil: Maceio</em></p>
<p><strong>2001</strong> - <em>Chile: Iquique</em></p>
<p><strong>2000</strong> - <em>Mexico: Merida</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br /><a name="arabia" title="arabia"></a><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /><br /> <br />Arabian Capital of Culture</p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2009</strong> - <em>Qods.</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2008</strong> - <em>Damas.</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2007</strong> - <em>Alger</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2006</strong> - <em>Mascate</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2005</strong> - <em>Khartoun</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2004</strong> - <em>Sanaa</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2003</strong> - <em>Rabat</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2002</strong> -</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2001</strong> - <em>Kuwait</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>2000 -</strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>1999 -</strong> <em>Beirouth</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>1998 -</strong> <em>Sharjah</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><strong>1997</strong> - <em>Tunis</em></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a><a name="otherBCoC" title="otherBCoC"></a></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />Brazilian Capital of Culture</p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.capitalbrasileiradacultura.org" target="_blank">Brazilian Capital of Culture website</a></p>
<p><strong>2007:</strong> <em>São <span><span><span><span>João del Rei,</span></span></span>Gerais</span></em></p>
<p><strong>2006</strong> - <em>Olinda (Pernambuco)</em></p>
<p><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /><br /> <br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />Canadian Capital of Culture<br /><br /> <br /></p>
<p><br /> <span><span><span><span><strong>2007</strong> <em>Edmonton, Vallée de Comox and Moose Jaw</em></span></span></span></span><br /> <br /></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a><a name="otherCCoC" title="otherCCoC"></a></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />Catalan Capital of Culture</p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.cccat.net" target="_blank">Catalan Capital of Culture website</a></p>
<p><strong>2008</strong> - <em>Perpignon, France </em></p>
<p><strong>2007</strong> - <em>Lleida</em></p>
<p><strong>2006</strong> - <em>Amposta</em></p>
<p><strong>2005</strong> - <em>Esparreguera</em></p>
<p><strong>2004</strong> - <em>Banyoles</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><br /><a name="islam" title="islam"></a><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /><br /> <br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />Islamic Capital of Culture</p>
<p><span><span><strong>2007</strong> <em>Tripoli and Fez</em></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><strong>2006</strong> <em>Tombouktou,Ispahan and Aleppo</em></span></span><br /> <span><span><strong>2005</strong> <em>Mecca</em></span></span></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a> <a name="otherVCoC" title="otherVCoC"></a><br /> <br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />Volga Capital of Culture</p>
<p> </p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culturecapital.ru/" target="_blank">Volga Capital of Culture</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>2007</strong> - <em>Perm anf Nizhnij Novgorod </em></p>
<p><strong>2006</strong> - <em>Nizhny Novgorod</em>, <em>Perm</em></p>
<p><strong>2005</strong> - <em>???</em></p>
<p><strong>2004</strong> - <em>Izhevsk</em></p>
<p><strong>2003</strong> - <em>Cheboksary</em></p>
<p><strong>2002</strong> - <em>Kirov</em>, <em>Nizhnekamsk</em></p>
<p><strong>2001</strong> - <em>Ulyanovsk</em></p>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="bgblue"><br />World Book Capital<a name="book" title="book"></a></p>
<div><br /><span><strong>2001</strong>: Madrid</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2002</strong>: Alexandria</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2003</strong>: New Delhi</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2004</strong>: Antwerp</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2005</strong>: Montreal</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2006:</strong> Turin</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2007</strong>: Bogotá</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2008:</strong> Amsterdam</span></div>
<div><span><strong>2009:</strong> Beirut</span></div>
<div>
<p><br /><a href="http://www.culture.info/capital#top"><img src="images/RAID/top_button.png" border="0" alt="top" width="37" height="18" /></a></p>
</div>
<p>* American Capital of Culture<br /> * Arabian Capital of Culture<br /> * Brazilian Capital of Culture<br /> * Canadian Capital of Culture<br /> * Catalan Capital of Culture<br /> * Islamic Capital of Culture<br /> * Volga Capital of Culture<br /><br /></p>